Object-Oriented Programming (Narva College) 2019/20 spring

Chapter 8

Inner classes

An inner class, or nested class, is a class defined inside another class. Inner classes are useful for defining handler classes.

The inner class may be used just like a regular class. Normally, we define a class as an inner class if it is used only by its outer class. The inner class has the following features:

• The inner class is compiled into a class named OuterClassName$InnerClassName.class.
• The inner class can reference the data and the methods defined in the outer class in which the inner class nests, so we do not need to pass the reference of the outer class's object to the constructor of the inner class. For this reason, inner classes can make programs simple and concise.

A simple use of the inner class is to combine dependent classes into a primary class. This reduces the number of source files. A handler class is designed specifically to create a handler object for a GUI component (e.g., a button). The handler class will not be shared by other applications and therefore it is appropriate to be defined inside the main class as an inner class.

We now write a program that uses a button to control the size of a circle. When the Enlarge button is clicked, the circle will be repainted with a larger radius. To make the reference variable circle accessible from the handle method, the handler class EnlargeHandler is defined as an inner class of the EnlargeCircle class.

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

public class EnlargeCircle extends Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        //hold circle and button in VBox
        VBox root = new VBox();
        Circle circle = new Circle(50, Color.RED);
        Button btEnlarge = new Button("Enlarge");
        root.getChildren().addAll(circle,btEnlarge);

        //handler class
        class EnlargeHandler implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
            public void handle(ActionEvent event){
                circle.setRadius(circle.getRadius() + 2);
            }
        }

        // Create and register the handler
        btEnlarge.setOnAction(new EnlargeHandler());

        // Create a scene and place it in the stage
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 200, 250, Color.SNOW);
        primaryStage.setTitle("Circle");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

Chapter 8